Theater History Essays - Feast Of Fools, Carnival, Easter, Paganism

Theater History European Theater diminished drastically during the Middle Ages. This was due to the harshness of living during these times. The common people were tillers of the soil, unlearned, with short life spans. The Roman Catholic Church had considerable power. The church has never been a big supporter of things theatrical. But some primitive types of Theater did emerge in this time. The scop was found in the Germanic or Teutonic territories. The scop was a singer and storyteller who would tell about ancient heroes of that land. He would perform at banquets and was given a social status. These scops would give the desolate people a way to reconnect with a more prosperous time. We see this in our own society with Native Americans. They will tell stories of their heroic ancestors and the sacrifices they made. There were already theatrical elements in Europe at this time, but many of them were associated with Pagan rituals. To claim Europe as its own, the Catholic Church adopted many of these Pagan ritual dates into its own calendar. Christ's birth is on December 25th to overlap a Pagan ritual date. Easter is also said to be on an originally Pagan date. The pageant sounds a lot like Pagan. I wonder if they are related. The Church began inventing pageants of its own. Palm Sunday was often accompanied by a pageant reenacting Christ's entrance to Jerusalem. On Good Friday a cross was wrapped in burial sheets and then brought out on Easter Sunday. Today we witness annual Manger scenes at local churches. One of the surviving playwrights, Hrosvitha, had to make her plays about religious themes. Her plays were based on the works of Terence. For fear of the Church, it was best to make all plays liturgical in nature. The main staging convention was the mansion. The mansion was a house or playing area. Most liturgical shows needed only one mansion, but plays that were more complicated needed more than one mansion. There was usually only one mansion because plays were still put on wagons. But the book says that there are recorded uses of over 100 hundred mansions. At the end of the twelfth century a ritual of pagan times was revived: The Feast of Fools. During this feast monks and other workers were allowed to make fun of their superiors and the overbearing Church. People would feast upon sausages and alcohol, wear masks, and have a general sense of mirth. It sounds much like our current festivals of Mardi Gras or the Latin-American Carnival. The Feast of Fools was very important to the development of comedy. One medieval practice that would considerably limit the number of productions if put in practice today is the responsibilities of the pageant master. The pageant master was the not only the artistic director of the shows, he was also responsible for every aspect of production except properties. How would you like to take on a job of that magnitude? Most actors were taken from the working class. Woman and children participated at this time, and most actors doubled in parts. Theater

Tarchia - Facts and Figures

Tarchia - Facts and Figures Name: Tarchia (Chinese for brainy); pronounced TAR-chee-ah Habitat: Woodlands of Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 25 feet long and two tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large, armored head with slightly larger than usual brain; quadrupedal posture; sharp spikes lining back About Tarchia Heres more evidence that paleontologists have a good sense of humor: Tarchia (Chinese for brainy) earned its name not because it was particularly smart, but because its brain was the tiniest smidgen bigger than those of comparable ankylosaurs, among the dumbest of all the dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era. The trouble is, at 25 feet long and two tons Tarchia was also bigger than most other ankylosaurs, so its IQ was probably just a few points above that of a fire hydrant. (Adding insult to injury, it may well be the case that the type fossil of Tarchia actually belonged to a closely related genus of ankylosaur, Saichania, the name of which translates, equally ironically, as beautiful.) The ankylosaurs were among the last dinosaurs to succumb to the K/T Extinction 65 million years ago, and when you look at Tarchia, its easy to see why: this dinosaur was the equivalent of a living air-raid shelter, equipped with massive spikes on its back, a powerful head, and a broad, flat club on its tail that it could swing at approaching predators. The tyrannosaurs and raptors of its day probably left it in peace, unless they were feeling particularly hungry (or desperate) and ventured to flip it onto its enormous belly for a relatively easy kill.

The U-boats Come to America, PDF attached and CITED Assignment

The U-boats Come to America, PDF attached and CITED - Assignment Example The mobilization for World War I was no easy task as the nation was still divided regarding Wilson’s decision to enter the way. Nevertheless, WWI became a focal point in American history because it gave an opportunity for America to assert its dominance as a foreign power and give rise to social reforms. Without a doubt, WWI was a turning point in American history because it gave an opportunity to America to display its awesome power. World War was a war that was indisputably fueled by American propaganda by portraying the Axis power as supreme evil. Unmistakably, this was a heavy task since so many European descents resided in America. The sinking of the U-boat was undoubtedly a huge catalyst that initiated the American involvement. This is greatly depicted via the article in the newspaper which states, â€Å"The U-boats come to America.† The author states that â€Å"It may be argued that the foreign assumptions are purely subjective.† (Skeet 2) However was evident that the United States Navy had to prepare itself for the worse and was already aligning itself with future Allies. It is clear that this was to issue somewhat of Propaganda to rally the American citizens. Europe’s condition at this point was tense, and the American aid to Allies illustrated the fact that America’s involvement was much needed (Michaels 40). Suddenly, the American economy was jolted with a huge shock as it began to produce war-related goods. The United States did not hesitate to supply its war-related products such as weapons, supplies, and ships in order to change the tide of the war (Ebert 9). Although American troops were sent overseas, they fought very little and were responsible for providing moral support. Secondly, World War I was a focal point in American history because it gave rise to social reform throughout the nation. Women and African Americans, in particular, were two groups that were able to take an opportunity to break their â€Å"cult  of domesticity†.

Customer is always right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Customer is always right - Essay Example Business pressure has increased over the years, "and there was no alternative for the boss but to start letting go of some of his workload and his requirement to do all of the thinking".1 Furthermore, the owner of company had to purchase technologies to stay ahead . As the result, staying ahead forced him to concentrate on sales and customer service, and the information regarding technologies he employs partially lost its importance in the boss's minds. But the modern customers are becoming quite inquisitive and frequently need thorough information about the product, so many companies are running 'clarifying policy' to explain to customer the main technologies used. Company executives arrange presentations and press conferences to introduce a new product or a new strategy of the organization. The rapidly-growing Craters & Freighters franchisees view customers as the key to their success. "In the three years since they took over the Dallas Craters & Freighters franchise, Tony Alleman, Choyet Terro and Don Theriot were named Rookies of the Year and recognized for having the fewest claims and largest sector growth within their franchise's system. This year, Alleman, Terro and Theriot, ages 39, 40 and 38, respectively, continue their winning streak. They were singled out for the 2003 All Star Award, based primarily on how well franchisees run a business".3 The main priority of their business is dealing with customers - this, probably is a secret of their growth. The franchisees work in several directions to show to a customer that he receives the best service. "When a customer calls for a quote, our policy is to get back to that customer within 20, 25 minutes," Theriot says, "Our response time, our attention to detail, making sure the paperwork is correct ... the employees understand all this needs to be done."4 Based on their different work expirience, each partner manages a certain part of the business--Alleman handles production, Terro oversees finance and Theriot is responsible for sales, so it allows them to share the responsibility. Those perspectives are useful in crafting work policies, including those relating to customer service. Theriot says that they get together and discuss the major decisions in order to run an honest discussion and to make a decision, which is suitable for everyone.Yet not a single company can work without any problems. If something goes wrong, the franchisees ensure customers' concerns are addressed, via a low-tech solution. The customer always deals with a living person, not with a voice mail, as it makes him sure that his complaint will be examined carefully. Each problem is addressed immediately; as a result the customer sees feedback and attention to his opinion - whatever it is.Customers have taken notice of these initiatives. The

Kidney Stones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kidney Stones - Essay Example Men, on the other hand, tend to have complications when passing stones, making their condition known to them. Kidney stones are among many medical conditions that do not have a single, definite cause. Though multiple risk factors have been determined, it has been decided that each individual produces kidney stones for reasons that are specific to the individual body. However, it is understood that kidney stones develop as a result of an excess of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, which is more than the fluid in the urine can dilute. This causes the urine to become too concentrated. The science behind why excess amounts of these minerals form into kidney stones continues to be researched. The risk factors behind the prevalence of kidney stones include a family history of kidney stones, being an adult, being male, obesity, dehydration, diets high in protein or sodium, and other digestive diseases. Since there are different ways for an individual to form kidney stones, different types of kidney stones have been recognized. Calcium stones form as a result of too much calcium oxalate in the body. This substance is common in many food products and is created regularly by the liver, making calcium stones the most common type of kidney stone (McAninch, 2013). Struvite stones form as the result of an infection in the urinary tract, and tend to be among the largest of kidney stones. Uric acid stones form as a result of an individual not drinking enough fluids or else lose too much fluids, causing the urine to consist primarily of minerals but very little fluid. Cystine stones are caused by a hereditary condition during which the kidneys excrete excessive amounts of the amino acid cystinuria. Regardless of the type or cause of the kidney stones, the symptoms are the same. In most cases, especially among women, a kidney stone does not prompt noticeable symptoms until the stone moves around within the kidney or passes through the ureter, which is the tube that connects the k idney to the bladder. The symptoms associated with the movement and passing of the kidney stone include severe pain below the ribs, pain in the groin and lower abdomen, pain during urination, blood in the urine, foul-smelling or cloudy urine, and frequent urination. If there is an infection that has caused a kidney stone to form, the individual may also experience fever, chills, and nausea. The symptoms of a kidney stone may intensify if the kidney stone shifts in location, such as its movement along the urinary tract. Kidney stones are treated based on what type of stone they are, their size, and where they are located within the body. If the individual has a smaller stone, they are often able to pass it without invasive treatment. In most cases, drinking large quantities of water can help to flush the urinary system, allowing the stone to pass, and over-the-counter pain relievers can decrease the intensity of pain associated with passing stones, especially for men. When needed, me dical therapy is also available in the form of an alpha blocker, which relaxes the ureter muscles (Rose & Post, 2001) and makes passing the kidney stone easier and less painful. When a stone is too large to pass or threatens to cause damage to the kidney or urinary tract, it may be broken up with a procedure known as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which involves using sound waves to create shock waves that

Mise En Scene Of Titanic Film Studies Essay

Mise En Scene Of Titanic Film Studies Essay This is the final chapter; the Mise-en-scene and Ideological model will be discussed and applied to the findings and analysis that have been discussed in chapter four. Besides that, this chapter will be answering the research question in chapter one, the achievement of the objective of this study will be discussed also. At last, there will have some suggestion for the future research in order to improve and develop a better thesis on this particular topic. 5.1 Concepts and Theories Applied There have two concepts and theories that applied in this research, which is the mise-en-scene and ideological models. Both theories will be discussed and applied to the findings and analysis that have been discussed in chapter four. 5.1.1 Concepts and Theories Applied Mise-en-scene The film Titanic has attracted audiences mind successfully, this is applicable to the theory mise-en-scene. According to Timothy Corrigan (1994), the mise-en-scene is a French term that roughly translated as what is put into the scene (put before the camera). So, based on the mise-en-scene theory, in order to produce a successful film, filmmaker needs to decide what put into the scene before the shooting work. There have five elements of mise-en-scene which are the setting, costume and make-up, lighting, space and also acting style. These five mise-en-scene elements are the key to make the film Titanic successfully. The setting in this film has created the contrast between higher and lower classes. The vivid acting style by several main and supporting characters has enhanced the storyline, and also made the story run smoothly. Lighting in this film has created meaning in all scenes, the mood has enhanced through different lighting in several scenes. The costume in this film is functional in telling audiences that the different characteristic of the characters in the scene, its also enhanced the contrasted class level in this film. Space arrangement in this film has giving the meaning to the particular scene through different camera placement and camera shot. According to Heather Logas and Daniel Muller (2005), mise-en-scene in used in all genres of fill to shows the full range of human emotion. Through the focus group, respondent M1 and F1 are telling that the scene of Jack lets Rose lying on the wood after the ship sank is memorable to them, because this scene is emotional, and showing that the best human emotion in that kind of situation. Respondent F2 has credited to the scene the flying scene of Jack and Rose at the ship, this scene is romantically, she said that the mise-en-scene elements in this scene have done well. Based on the results on focus group, more than a half respondent are preferred the acting style when viewing a film. Debi Buckner (1983) stated that the actors job is to convey a message to the particular audiences. They will fail in their task if their work is so obvious that audiences are more concerned with their effort than with the message to be conveyed in the film. In the focus group, all respondents are only called the name of the main characters as Jack and Rose, there has nobody to call their name as Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, this is fulfilled the statement of Debi Buckner (1983), because audiences watching the film are only remember their characters name and their characteristic in the film, the actor and actress has convey the message successfully in this film, the name Jack and Rose are still memorable while people discussing about the film Titanic. Heather Logas and Daniel Muller (2005) stated that the exploration of the concept of mise-en-scene has allowed filmmakers to communicate information to the particular viewers. Mise-en-scene is a holistic approach in the frame constructing process. Through the focus group in chapter 4, all the respondents are agreed that the film Titanic is a film successfully attracted audiences mind and created a lot of memorable scene. Until today, they are still remembering some particular scene in this film. 5.1.2 Concepts and Theories Applied Ideological Models Ideological models refer to the relationship between the films and society in terms of the representation of social and political realities. So, most of the films would add in the ideological elements into the plot or story. Teun A. Van Dijk (1996) stated that a variety of discursive structures and strategies might be used in order to express the ideological beliefs and also the social or personal opinions derived from them. Through the focus group, most of the respondents are stated that the class studies are strong portrayed in the film Titanic. The contrasting between higher and lower classes is obviously seen in this film. Respondent M1 said that the scene that the memorable class studies applied in this film is the lower class peoples are playing lousy instrumental and sing the local song at the lower floor of the ship while higher class peoples are playing violin, piano at the upper floor of the ship, the different treat to the different class in the ship is most obvious to portray the class studies in this film. Respondent F3 has noticed that the lifestyle of the passenger in the ship is also the class studies that the filmmaker intends to portrayed in the film Titanic, because the film was shows that the same social status people should group together. Most of the respondent in the focus group has stated that the ideological class studies were applied in the film Titanic. According to Douglas Kellner (1991), ideology refers to primarily, which those ideas that legitimate the particular class rule of the capitalist ruling class, ideology is those sets of ideas to promote the capitalist class economic interests. Respondent F4 stated that most of the time the higher class will look down at the lower class in the film Titanic. In this film, audiences can see the higher class, which is the rich person is having the special treatment in the ship. After the ship hits the iceberg, most of the save boat in the ship are given seat primary to the higher class, this is showing the contrasting between the poor and rich person treatment. Furthermore, Mise-en-scene elements in this film are aided to portray the ideological elements, especially the costume and setting between the lower and higher class people in the ship. Higher class is wearing the high quality and extravagantly shirt/dress, but the dressing of lower class is casually and low quality. For the setting, higher class are in the upper level with extravagant decoration, but the lower class are in the lower level with simple decoration. Because the mise-en-scene makes the ideological elements obvious in the scene, so, audiences can easily to get the message that the filmmaker intended to send out. Answering Research Questions How were the five elements of mise-en-scene applied into the movie Titanic? Through the content analysis, findings showed that the film Titanic has successful with well done of mise-en-scene elements. These five mise-en-scene elements are acting style, setting, space arrangement, costume and lighting. All the above elements was applied into the film Titanic to enhanced the storyline and also make the story run smoothly. Based on the findings of content analysis in chapter 4, the setting in this film has created the contrast between higher and lower classes. The vivid acting style by several main and supporting characters has enhanced the storyline, and also made the story run smoothly. Lighting in this film has created meaning in all scenes, the mood has enhanced through different lighting in several scenes. The costume in this film is functional in telling audiences that the different characteristic of the characters in the scene, its also enhanced the contrasted class level in this film. Space arrangement in this film has giving the meaning to the particular scene through different camera placement and camera shot. So, these five mise-en-scene elements in the film Titanic is the important key to make this film successfully and memorable. What are the ideological elements portray in the movie Titanic? Through the discussion of the focus group, findings showed that respondent M1, F1, F3 and F4 also agreed that the film Titanic has portrayed the class studies, Because ,most the scene has showing the different classes life obviously. There have several scene in this movie has strongly portrayed the class studies in the discussion such as the scene of the lower class peoples are playing lousy instrumental and sing the local song at the lower floor of the ship, while the high class peoples are playing violin, piano and so on at upper level has showing the different lifestyle of different classes lifestyle. The film Titanic always showing different classes of people can get different treat in the ship. This film has shows the social status obviously through their lifestyle, this film has shows that same social status should be grouping together. The status symbol in this film is being portrayed most of the time especially the higher class will look down at the lower class. Besides that, respondent F2 said that the race studies were portrayed in this film; because the film has shows there have different races passengers in the ship, this show obviously through their costume and spoken language. What is the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic? From the discussion of the focus group, findings showed that the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic is the setting, there have three respondents are preferred the setting when viewing the film Titanic. The setting in this film mostly is in the ship, it is suitable and luxurious setting, show the social status of some character obviously in this film and also the Titanic cruise is grand and extravagant, its look real and viewer can feel like they are inside the ship while watching this film. Following is the costume; because it can giving audiences the knowledge about the England last century high and low classes people costumes. Besides that, findings showed that the most preferred mise-en-scene element by when viewing a film is the acting style. Four of the respondents said that they are preferred acting style when viewing a film. They are preferred acting style, the reason is because the good acting style can lead the movie into higher level and credit for the whole artwork, audiences will have no interest to certain film that the poor performance of actor or actress. The acting style of character can enhance the storyline of film. Achievement of Objectives This research has investigated the five mise-en-scene elements those are seen in the movie Titanic. We can know this through the findings of content analysis. The results showed that these five mise-en-scene elements (acting style, setting, space arrangement, lighting and costume) are done well in this film in order to make it run smoothly and memorable. Besides that, the finding of the focus group has showed that the ideological elements portrayed in the movie Titanic. Among five of the respondent, four of them agreed that the ideological element that portrayed the most in the film Titanic is the class studies. It is because the contrasting between high and low culture is strong portrayed in this film. Besides, the race studies also have portrayed in the film, because audiences can able to view that the passengers in the ship is consist by different races, this shows obviously through their costume and spoken language. The most preferred mise-en-scene of Titanic by viewers also has found in the focus group. The result shows that the setting in this film is the most preferred mise-en-scene aspect when they are viewing this. Among the five respondents, there have three respondent that is preferred the setting of the film Titanic. Besides that, the focus group also found out that normally audiences are preferred the acting style while watching a film. Suggestions for Future Research Researcher need to do a lot of research from various sources and aspects to develop a better understanding about the mise-en-scene and ideological models in conducting this research. Readings of the journals regarding the researched by past researcher was needed in the progress. So, the journal, past research and book is helpful for this research because it can give the researcher the ideas and suggestion which are helpful in guiding the researcher from the beginning until the end of this research. Furthermore, the focus group is useful for this research topic, better to find the respondent that who have the basis understanding about the mise-en-scene and ideological models, students of film studies was preferred, so that the result can be more deeply and accurate. Additionally, Researcher need to me consistent, persistent and stay awake all the time when conducting research, although it is stress, but the researcher need to be patient and confidence to finish it. Conclusion The main purpose of this research is to analyze the mise-en-scene and ideological elements portrayed in the film Titanic, and also to discover which mise-en-scene aspect that viewers preferred by viewing the film Titanic. The five mise-en-scene elements have been analyzed through content analysis at the end of this study. Besides that, setting, the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers when viewing the film Titanic has found out through the focus group discussion. And the ideological elements portrayed in this film which is the class studies has found out through the focus group discussion. In order to get the better understanding and concepts for this study, readings for the pass research is very important either through online or book. These concepts can help to researcher conduct the research smoothly. As a conclusion, through this research assignment, the three objective of research has been achieved, and also answered the three question of study, hopefully the film Titanic can be conducted by future researcher because this film is the good example of film successfully.

Shakespere- Man Or Myth? :: essays research papers

SHAKESPEARE: MAN OR MYTH? Who was the real Shakespeare? The son of a Stratford glovemaker? Or was he a forgotten nobleman, the 17th Earl of Oxford? It is the greatest detective story there ever was. As more clues are being found, more and more people are doubting the fact that he ever wrote all his plays or even existed. The big question people are asking is why the man who told so much about who we are tell us so little about himself? That is one of the many reasons why I think he never existed or even wrote all those plays. How could a ‘nobody’ have thought a man who could barely sign his name was the greatest writer in the English language? In this essay I will tell you about why I don’t think he wrote the plays, why Edward de Vere was the real Shakepeare, and other things like why it’s impotrant to see who the real Skaespeare is. In my opinion I do not believe that Shakespeare wrote all those plays because the man couldn’t even sign his own and I don’t think he ever existed. There are many facts that back up my opinion. One is where Mark Twain once said that only a riverboat captain can handle riverboat slang, and there were some things that you have to just experience. â€Å"Where would Shakespeare, have learned the lawyer slang, court slang, soldier slang, and all the terminology that fills the plays?†1 1Some other facts that make me believe that Shakespeare never wrote these plays is that no plays, no poems, and not a single letter Shakespeare’s own handwriting has ever been found. The only examples of his handwriting yet discovered are six signatures, each one spelled differently. Another thing is that one by one, art experts doubt that he posed for any of the portraits of himself. It is believed by Oxfordians that Edward De Vere was the real Shakespeare. What makes me believe this is that Lord Burghley provided De Vere with the same environment and education the author of the plays mist of had. De Vere received degrees from both Oxford and Cambridge and then studied law. He was also saluted at the court with the toast: â€Å"Thy countenance shakes a spear.† It is very sad that De Vere did not receive any credit for his work, but instead a man who didn’t even exist get it.